Imboni yethusi, njengemboni eyinhloko ekhuphuka nomfula yemboni yezintambo nezintambo, iphinde yaba khona “nezinkinga zangaphakathi nezinkinga zakwamanye amazwe” eminyakeni yamuva nje.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuncintisana kontanga kuya ngokuya kushuba, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusongelwa ngabangene esikhundleni.
Njengoba sonke sazi, ithusi liwumthombo obalulekile wamasu wokulondoloza wezwe, ngokwezinga lamanje lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yethusi, izimayini zethusi ezifakazelwe zaseChina zingahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa kukazwelonke kweminyaka emi-5 kuphela.Njengamanje, imboni yamakhebula yasekhaya idla amathani ethusi angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5, ngaphezu kwama-60%.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esiqhubekayo, izwe manje lidinga ukuchitha imali eningi yangaphandle minyaka yonke ukuze lingenise ithusi, elibalelwa cishe ku-3/5 wokusetshenziswa kwethusi.
Esimeni esiphansi sesidingo semboni engeyona insimbi, ugesi, izindlu ezithengiswayo, ezokuthutha (ikakhulukazi ezezimoto), imishini nezinto zikagesi ziyimikhakha eyinhloko.Phakathi kwezinsimbi ezihlukene, cishe i-30% ye-aluminium isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, futhi cishe i-23% isetshenziselwa ukuthutha (kodwa ikakhulukazi izimoto);Cishe i-45% yethusi isetshenziswa emasimini kagesi kanye nezintambo;Cishe u-6% womthofu usetshenziswa ekushenxeni ikhebula;I-Zinc iphinde isetshenziswe ezindlini, emabhulohweni, kumapayipi, nakuthelawayeka kanye nasezintanjeni zesitimela.
Okwesibili, eminyakeni yamuva, ngokombono wemboni yasekhaya yocingo kanye nekhebula, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu yethusi, ehambisana nezinsiza ze-aluminium ziningi kakhulu kunezinsiza zethusi - izinsiza ze-bauxite zaseChina zisezingeni eliphakathi, nezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-310, isatshalaliswa ezifundazweni eziyi-19 (ezifundeni).Isamba semithombo yensimbi egciniwe engamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.27, ekleliswe endaweni yesikhombisa emhlabeni - ngakho-ke, imboni yethusi nayo ibe nomthelela othile.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwemboni yethusi yasekhaya
Abangase bangenele embonini yokuncibilikisa ithusi yimali yangasese kanye nezimali zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa izimali ezizimele ngokuvamile ziphishekela izinzuzo zesikhashana, futhi ukuncibilikisa ithusi kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, kuhambisana nemithetho eqinile kahulumeni mayelana nezimo zokufinyelela embonini, umkhawulo. iphakanyisiwe, ukuvinjelwa kokwakhiwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinga eliphansi kanye nesikhathi eside sokwakha kanye neminye imingcele, imali yangasese ayinakwenzeka ukungena embonini yokuncibilikisa ithusi ngesilinganiso esikhulu.I-Copper iyinsiza yamasu kazwelonke, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwezwe, umbuso unemingcele eqinile ekungeneni kwemali yangaphandle, imali yangaphandle igxile kakhulu embonini yokucubungula ithusi.Ngakho-ke, kukho konke, abangase bangene ezinkampanini ezinkulu zethusi zamanje abalona usongo.
Njengamanje, imboni yaseShayina yokuncibilikisa nokucutshungulwa kwethusi ibhekene nenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi nezikali ezincane, ngo-2012, amabhizinisi amakhulu embonini alinganiselwa ku-5.48%, amabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo alinganiselwa ku-13.87%, amabhizinisi amancane abalelwa ku-80.65%.Amandla aphelele e-R&D ebhizinisi awanele, inzuzo eshibhile iyancipha kancane kancane, amabhizinisi ancibilikisa ithusi embonini yokucubungula ithusi ngezinga elikhulu, izinga eliphezulu lokumaketha kwamabhizinisi namandla okukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi. kanye nochungechunge lwesimo sentuthuko esikhona.Ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwemboni yaseShayina ekhiqiza ithusi, sekusungulwe inqwaba yamaqembu amakhulu amabhizinisi afana noJinlong, Jintian kanye ne-Hailiang, kanye nenani lezinkampani ezisohlwini ezifana neJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous Metal kanye neJingcheng Copper nazo sezivele.Amaqembu amabhizinisi amakhulu abone ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlelwa kabusha kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya ancibilikisa angena emabhizinisini okucubungula ithusi ngezinga elikhulu.
Izinsongo eziningi embonini yethusi
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yethusi nakho kubhekene nezinye izingozi.Ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kwesidingo sethusi kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza zethusi, intengo yemikhiqizo yethusi ibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi iguquguquka isikhathi eside, futhi izindleko zemboni yethusi ephansi komfula ziye zahlala ziphezulu, ukuze imboni ezansi nomfula inesisusa sokuthola ezinye izindlela.Uma ukushintshwa kwemikhiqizo yethusi sekwenziwe, ngokuvamile kuba nokungahlehleki.Njengokufakwa esikhundleni se-fiber optical wire yethusi embonini yezokuxhumana, esikhundleni se-aluminium esikhundleni sethusi embonini yamandla, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-aluminium ngokwengxenye endaweni yethusi endaweni yesiqandisi.Njengoba ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziqhubeka nokuvela, imakethe izonciphisa isidingo sabathengi bethusi.Nakuba esikhathini esifushane, ezinye izindlela ngeke ziguqule ukushoda kwezinsiza zethusi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yethusi kuzoqhubeka kwanda, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isidingo esiphelele semboni yethusi sibeka usongo.Isibonelo, embonini yokusebenzisa ithusi, ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe be- "aluminium copper" kanye "ne-aluminium copper substitute", kanye nokukhuthazwa kwephethini "yokukhanya ku-copper retreat" kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekufuneni kwethusi.
Eqinisweni, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu yethusi, inzuzo yemboni yekhebula iyaqhubeka nokugcwala, imboni yekhebula yasekhaya "ithusi nge-aluminium", "i-aluminium esikhundleni sethusi" ibe phezulu kakhulu.Futhi ezinye izinkampani zamakhebula zithatha amazwe aseNtshonalanga njengesibonelo - Ikhodi Yokufaka Ugesi Yase-United States 2008 (NEC) I-Athikili 310 "Izimfuneko zezintambo ezijwayelekile" zicacisa ukuthi impahla yekhondatha yekhondatha iyintambo yethusi, i-aluminium evalwe ngethusi noma i-aluminium (alloy) wire.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sahluko sicacisa usayizi omncane we-aluminium nethusi, izintambo ze-aluminium (alloy), ukwakheka kwezintambo, izimo zokufaka isicelo kanye nomthamo wokuthwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene - okufakazela ukuthi imikhiqizo yekhebula le-aluminium ayikwazi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza. ukusebenza, kodwa futhi ukufakwa, ukuthutha kanye nezinye izindleko ziphansi kakhulu, okunomthelela othile embonini yethusi.
Nakuba, okwamanje, imboni yamakhebula yasekhaya ayikwazanga ukuthuthuka ngokuhambisana nesidingo semakethe noma ithandwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi bemikhiqizo yekhebula “ye-aluminium esikhundleni sethusi,” kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo kanye ukuthuthukiswa akukakavuthwa, okunye ukuthi abasebenzisi bezintambo zasekhaya basesesigabeni sokulinda futhi babone.Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be- "aluminium-substituted copper" kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo, kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yethusi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso usungule namazinga amaningi okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-aluminium.Isibonelo, ikhebula le-aluminiyamu eligqoke ithusi laseShayina kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 laqala ukukhula, okwamanje i-China ithuthukise izindinganiso zemboni yezintambo ze-aluminium ezigqoke ithusi kanye nezindinganiso zendawo zezintambo ze-aluminium ezigqoke ithusi zibe ziningi.Isibonelo, indinganiso yemboni yezogesi yaseChina SJ/T 11223-2000 “Copper clad aluminium wire” indinganiso yokusetshenziswa okungalingani kwe-ASTM B566-1993 “i-copper clad aluminium wire” indinganiso, ecacisa izidingo zokusebenza kwesakhiwo kumakhondaktha e-aluminium agqoke ithusi izinto zikagesi ezinocingo nekhebula.Ukwengeza, iSifundazwe sase-Liaoning sikhiphe indinganiso yendawo kusukela ngo-2008: DB21/T 1622-2008 J11218-2008 “Izintambo ze-aluminium ezifakwe i-Copper clad nezintambo zobuchwepheshe bekhebula” (ebhalwe i-Design and Research Institute yase-Northeastern University).Ekugcineni, ngo-2009, i-Xinjiang Autonomous Region yakhipha izindinganiso zendawo: DB65/T 3032-2009 “I-voltage elinganiselwe 450/750V Copper-clad aluminium composite core PVC insulated cable” kanye ne-DB65/T 3033-2009 “Isilinganiso se-voltage engu-0.6/1 kV kanye ne-copper -ikhebula elihlanganisiwe le-aluminium elihlanganisiwe elikhiphe ikhebula lamandla angavalekile”.
Kafushane, umphakeli omkhulu wezinto ezingavuthiwe embonini yamakhebula - imboni yethusi iyaqhubeka nokwamukela izinselele ezivela ngaphakathi nangaphandle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntuleka kwezinsiza zethusi ezifuywayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yezintambo "i-aluminium esindisa ithusi" ubuchwepheshe busheshisa njalo ucwaningo nentuthuko, ngakho-ke, imboni yokucubungula ithusi izohamba kuphi esikhathini esizayo, kodwa futhi kudingeka hlola ngokuhlanganyela izimakethe ezikhuphuka nomfula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-28-2024