Amakhondatha ezintambo ayithusi ne-aluminium.I-aluminium alloy ne-copper-clad aluminium etholakala ku-aluminium, intambo yasekuqaleni kanye nekhebula ama-conductor ethusi, ngoba ukuqhutshwa kwawo kagesi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zilungile, i-20℃ DC resistivity yi-1.72×10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm.
I-China kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ngenxa yeMpi YaseKorea, ngoba ithusi liyinto ebalulekile yamasu futhi yavinjelwa amazwe onxiwankulu.Abantu baseChina basakhumbula intshiseko yokushisekela izwe lokusabela obizweni lokunikela ngempahla yabo yethusi ezweni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "i-aluminium esikhundleni sethusi" kuzo zonke izici zokuphila, ngocingo lwe-aluminium nekhebula njengenqubomgomo yobuchwepheshe okufanele isetshenziswe.Kwezinye izindawo lapho ukuphepha nokuthembeka kungaqini kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izintambo nezintambo ze-aluminium, ngisho nasezindlini zokuhlala ezintsha - izindawo okufanele zikhathazeke ngokuphepha zingaxazululwa kuphela.Ngoba i-aluminium ingaphansi kwethusi kuzo zombili izakhiwo zikagesi nezemishini.I-DC resistivity ku-20℃ ingu-2.82×10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm, okungaba izikhathi ezingu-1.64 kunezethusi.I-brittleness yayo yenza i-joint kube lula ukuphuka, futhi ngenxa yesici se-creep, ukuthembeka kokujoyina kuyancipha.Okubizwa ngokuthi i-creep i-thermoplastic deformation ekhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu (afana no-70 ° C) kanye nezingcindezi ezinkulu (ezifana nokucindezelwa kwebhawudi).Kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa ukuthembeka ngisho nokulimala kocingo kanye namajoyinti ekhebula.Ngemva kokuhlola isikhathi eside, ezinye izindlela zokulwa nazo ziye zatholakala, njengokuqinisa ukuhlola nokuqinisa njalo amabhawodi aqinisayo.
Yiqiniso, izinto zihlale zinezinhlangothi ezimbili, ngoba i-aluminium conductor wire kanye nentengo yekhebula iphansi, isisindo esincane, sinciphisa kakhulu umfutho womsebenzi wokwakha futhi siyamukelwa.
Enkathini yezinguquko kanye nokuvula, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngokushesha, izidingo zekhwalithi yabantu ukuze kuthuthukiswe, ukuqeda ezinye izithiyo, umphumela ukusuka kokunye ukweqisa kuye kolunye ngokwedlulele, ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ukuhola ekulahleni “i-aluminium esikhundleni sokuqeda amandla. ithusi”, intambo nentambo cishe zonke zisebenzisa amakhondatha ethusi, ukujula nobubanzi obungakaze bubonwe.Ukujula - isilinganiso se-copper ne-aluminium conductors sidlula amazwe athuthukile, futhi ububanzi - kancane kancane bukhula kusukela ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga kuya ngaphakathi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto kuphambene, njengoba intengo yethusi inyukile, kangangokuthi intengo yocingo nentambo iphindeke kabili, abantu kufanele bacabange kabusha.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izivunguvungu ezimbili ezincane, enye ukuvela kwekhebula le-aluminium ehlanganiswe nethusi, kanti enye iwukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bekhebula le-aluminium alloy conductor evela eNyakatho Melika.Ikhebula le-aluminium alloy laba khona e-China.
Izintambo ze-aluminium ezigqoke ithusi kuthiwa zithatha indawo yezintambo zethusi.Kodwa empeleni kufanelekile kuphela ezingxenyeni ezincane zesiphambano kanye namadivayisi aphezulu-imvamisa, ngenxa yomphumela wesikhumba we-high-frequency current, i-copper-clad aluminium wire ingadlala izinzuzo zayo.Izindinganiso zasekhaya nezangaphandle nazo zikhawulelwe kumishini kagesi.I-Copper clad aluminium wire ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izintambo zamandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza kuphela ku-strand eyodwa, ukusetshenziswa kwemicu eminingi yencazelo elahlekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obuhlangene abukwazi ukuxazululwa, ngakho ngokushesha isiphepho saba umfutho ophansi.
I-aluminium alloy conductors yi-aluminium kagesi enamanani omkhondo we-silicon, ithusi, i-zinc, insimbi, i-boron nezinye izakhi.Izakhiwo zemishini ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu, njengokuvumelana nezimo 靱 ukwenziwa, ukumelana ne-creep kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu.Lapho inqubo ye-annealing inhle, ukuqhutshwa kwayo kukagesi kungaba seduze kakhulu ne-aluminium kagesi.“Umqhubi wekhebula” National standard GB/T3956-2008 ithatha ukumelana kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy conductors kube nenani elifanayo.
Obunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bekhebula le-aluminium alloy yijoint.Izinto kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi, futhi amabhizinisi okukhiqiza izintambo ezethula ubuchwepheshe ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kokuthengisa izintambo.Uma ukuhlanganisa kuzothembeka, umphakeli kufanele aqoke uchwepheshe ozoqondisa ukwakhiwa.Ngakho-ke, intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu kunekhebula le-aluminium.Ngenxa yemikhawulo emikhulu yenzuzo, abakhiqizi kusukela ekuqaleni kokubili, ngokuzumayo bakhuphukela ngaphezu kwe-100, isivunguvungu esincane siyanda.Ngenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi amanje akhiqizwa ngokwezindinganiso zawo zebhizinisi, kubonakala kufana, kodwa izinga lihluke kakhulu.
Yikuphi ukulahleka okukhulu kwezintambo zethusi ne-aluminium alloy?Imibono iyahluka.Lapha, idatha izikhulumela yona.
Ifomula yokubala yokulahleka kwekhebula ithi:
△P=Ι2˙Rθj˙L˙NC˙NP×10ˉ³ (1)
△Q=△P˙ζ (2)
Kuphi: △P – Ukuncipha kwamandla, kW
△Q - Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kWh
I-Rθj - Ukumelana kwe-AC ngobude beyunithi ngayinye yokubala kwe-conductor eyodwa yesikhumba kanye nemiphumela eseduze ezingeni lokushisa θ, Ω/km
Ι - Bala okwamanje, A
NC, NP – Inani lamakhondakta ngeluphu ngayinye kanye nenani lamasekhethi
ζ - Amahora amaningi okulahlekelwa komthwalo, h/ ngonyaka
L – Ubude bomugqa, km
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-28-2024